The Virtual Navy

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1:  NAVIGATION………………………………………………..PG 1

                                RUDDER POSITIONS…………………………………....PG1

                                DEPTHS…………………………………………………...PG 1

                                SPEEDS…………………………………………………….PG 1

                                TRIM ANGLE………………………………………..........PG 1

                                HP AIR………………………………………………..........PG 1

                                EMEGENCY BLOW VALVE………………………….....PG 1

SECTION 2:  SONAR STATIONS…...………………………………………PG 2

SECTION 3:  RADAR  SYSTEMS…………………………………………..PG 4

                       RADIO/ESM SYSTEMS………………………………………PG 4

SECTION 4:  FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS…………………………………..PG 5

SECTION 5:  PERISCOPE……………………………………………………PG 7

                       STADIMETER SYSTEM………………………………………PG 7

SECTION 6:  SAM LAUNCHER……………………………………………...PG 8

APPENDIX A:  MAXIMUM AND MINNUMUMS FOR SUBS………..……PG 9

APPENDIX B:  SENSOR SYSTEMS………………………………………….PG 9

APPENDIX C:  WEAPONS LAYOUTS………………………………………PG 11

SECTION 1

NAVIGATION:

RUDDER POSITIONS:

                THE FOLLOWING RUDDER POSITIONS ARE UED IN THE SUBMARINE:

1.       LEFT FULL RUDDER – SETS OS TO HARD TURN TO PORT

2.       RIGHT FULL RUDDER -  SETS OS TO HARD TURN TO STARBOARD

3.       RUDDER AMIDSHIPS – SETS THE RUDDER BACK IN THE ZERO POSITION

DEPTHS:

THE DIFFERENT DEPTHS AVAILABLE ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1.       SURFACE – ORDERS A NORMAL SURFACE OF THE SHIP

2.       PERISCOPE DEPTH – ORDERS THE SHIP TO A DEPTH OF 63 FEET

3.       GO SHALLOW – ORDERS A DEPTH OF 147 FEET

4.       GO DEEP – ORDERS A DEPTH OF 1,254 FEET

5.       SNORKEL DEPTH – ORDERS A DEPTH OF 56 FEET

SPEEDS:

                THE FOLLOWING SPEEDS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE SUBMARINE:

1.       ALL AHEAD FLANK – 35 KNOTS

2.       ALL AHEAD FULL – 20 KNOTS

3.       AHEAD STANDARD – 15 KNOTS

4.       AHEAD 2/3 – 10 KNOTS

5.       AHEAD 1/3 – 5 KNOTS

6.       ALL STOP – ORDERS OS TO A FULL STOP

7.       BACK 1/3 – 4 KNOTS IN REVERSE

8.       BACK 2/3 – 8 KNOTS IN REVERSE

9.       ALL BACK FULL – 12 KNOTS IN REVERSE

10.    ALL BACK EMERGENCY – 16 KNOTS IN REVERSE

TRIM ANGLE:

                INDICATES THE TRIM ANGLE OF THE SHIP MEASURED FROM A HORIZONTAL AXIS.  A POSITIVE TRIM ANGLE INDICATES THE SHIP HAS A BOW UP ATTITUDE.  A NEGATIVE TRIM ANGLE INDICATES THE SHIP HAS A BOW DOWN ATTITUDE.

HP AIR:

                THIS PANEL IS USED TO MONITOR THE CURRENT CHARGE LEVEL IN THE HIGH PRESSURE AIR BANKS AND TO CHARGE THE BANKS WHEN THEY ARE DEPLETED.  A CHARGE OF 50% IS NECESSARY FOR SUCCESSFUL WEAPON LAUNCHES.  THE CHRGE CAN ONLY BE INCREASED 10% WHEN WHEN THE SHIP IS SUBMERGED.  YOU MUST COME TO SNORKEL DEPTH (56 FEET) OR SHALLOWER AND VENTILATE WHILE YOU CHARGE TO FULLY CHARGE THE BANKS.

EMERGENCY BLOW VALVE:

                THIS IS USED TO SURFACE THE SHIP QUICKLY IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION .  MAKE SURE TO RECHARGE THE AIR BANKS FOLLOING AN EMERGENCY BLOW!

SECTION 2

SONAR STATIONS

                                AT THE SONAR STATIONS YOU MONITOR THE MOST IMPORTANT SENSING EQUIPMENT ON BOARD YOUR SUB.  SIX DISPLAYS, EACH WITH A SPECIFIC PURPOSE, HELP DETECT, IDENTIFY, TRACK, AND LOCATE CONTACTS BY EMPLOYING EITHER ACTIVE OR PASSIVE SONAR.  THE SONAR SUITE IS COMPOSED OF THESE SIX DISPLAYS:  BROADBAND, NARROWBAND, DEMON, ACTIVE, ACTIVE INTERCEPT, AND SOUND SPEED PROFILE (SSP).

BROADBAND SONAR (PBB)

                                THE PASSIVE BROADBAND SONAR STATION SIDPLAYS INPUT FORM THE SPHERICAL BOW AND TOWED ARRAYS.  THESE INPUTS ARE USED TO DETECT AND TRACK SUBMARINES AND SURFACE SHIPS.  THE SUBMARINE USES DUAL WATERFALL DISPLAYS TO TRACK SONAR INFORMATION.  IN THE WATERFALL DISPLAY, SONAR INFORMATION CASCADES DOWN OVER TIME GIVING A SENSE OF THE CONTACTS MOVEMENT.

                NARROWBAND SONAR (PNB)

                                EACH SHIP CLASS HAS A UNIQUE SOUND FREQUENCY SIGNITURE.  THE NARROWBAN DFUNCTION IS USED TO CLASSIFY SONAR CONTACTS BY COMPAIRING THE FREQUENCY SIGNATURES OF THE SELECTED CONTACT AGAINST A DATABASE OF KNOWN FREQUUENCY SIGNATURES.  THE SHIPS COMPUTER NARROWS YOUR SEARCH BY PRESENTING ONLY THOSE SIGNATURES THAT HAVE SIMILARITIES TO THE SIGNATURE OF THE SELECTED CONTACT.

NOTE:  STRAIGHT LINES INDICATE A CONSISTENT SIGNAL.  CURVED OR WAVY VERTICAL LINES REPRESENT DISTORTIONS IN THE SIGNAL.  FAINT LINES INDICATE A WEAK SIGNAL.

                DEMON SONAR

                                DEMON IS AN ACCRONYM FOR DEMODULATED NOISE.  THE DEMON FUNCTION IS USED PRIMARALY TO DETERMINE A CONTACTS SPEED WICH IS VERRY IMPORTANT WHEN ESTABLISHING AN ACCURATE FIRING SOLUTION. 

NOTE:  TURNS PER KNOT FOR MILITARY AND CIVILIAN SHIPS ARE FOUND IN USNI REFERENCE. 

                ACTIVE SONAR

                                ACTIVE SONAR SHOULD BE USED ONLY WHEN ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY SINCE IT PROVIDES THE ENEMY WITH A WEALTH OF INFORMATION.

                HIGH FREQUENCY ACTIVE SONAR (HFAS)

                                HIGH FREQUENCY ACTIVE SONAR (HFAS) HAS A SHORTER RANGE AND CAN DETECT SMALLER OBJECTS THAN A MEDIUM FREQUENCY ACTIVE SONAR.  WHEN YOU MUST NAVIGATE A MINEFIELD , HFAS CAN BE USED TO LOCATE AND MARK MINES NEAR YOUR SHIP.

SONAR STATIONS CONTINUED:

ACTIVE INTERCEPT SONAR

                                THE ACTIVE INTERCEPT SONAR ALERTS YOU TO THE PRESENCE OF ACTIVE SONAR TRANSMISSIONS FROM ANOTHER SHIP, SUB, DIPPING SONAR, OR SONOBUOY IN THE AREA.  IT PROVIDES THE BEARING OF THE TRANSMITTING ENTITY AS WELL AS THE FREQUENCY OF THE DETECTED EMISSION, THE AGE OF THE LAST SIGNAL AND THE STRENGTH OF THE SIGNAL.

                SOUND SPEED PROFILE (SSP)

                                THE SOUND SPEED PROFILE DISPLAYS THE SPEED AT WICH SOUND IS TRANSMITED AT VARIOUS WATER DEPTHS IN THE AREA ARROUND OWNSHIP.  OCEAN WATER TYPICALLY FORMS DISTINCT LAYERS OF DENSITY THAT CAN PROFOUNDLY AFFECT SONAR TRANSMISSIONS.  WARMER, LESS DENSE WATER FORMS THE UPPER SURFACE DUCT, BELOW THIS, TEMPERATURES FALL OFF SHSRPLY AND DENSITY INCREASES.  THE AFFECT OF THIS PROCESS IS SOUND GENERATED IN ONE LAYER AND DOESN’T TEND TO TRANSMIT EASILY TO THE OTHER LAYER, AND VICE VERSA. 

NOTE: DUE TO VARYING WATER TEMPERATURES AT LOCATIONS ARROUND THE WORLD, A DISTINCT THERMAL LAYER IS NOT ALWAYS PRESENT. 

                UUV SONAR

                                ALL SUBMARINES ARE GIVEN UNMANNED UNERWATER VEHICLES.  THESE UUV’S ACT AS REMOTE SONAR SENSORS.  THE UUV ITSELF APPEARS AS A CONTACT IN THE BROADBAND AND NARROWBAND DISPLAYS BUT UUV SONAR RETURNS ARE NOT VIEWED IN THE SONAR SUITE.  UUV SONAR CONTACTS DISPLAY ON THE NAV AND FIRE CONTROL MAPS AND IN TMA.

SECTION 3

RADAR STATION:

                SUBMARINE RADAR SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION AND ONLY WHEN THE SITUATION MANDATES ITS USE.  WHEN YOU USE RADAR YOU COMMUNICATE YOUR PRESENCE, YOUR BEARING, YOUR PROXIMITY AND WHO YOU ARE IF THE OTHER PLATFORM IS EQUIPPED WITH EW OR ESM EQUIPMENT.

RADIO ESM STATION

                THE RADIO IS USED TO RECEIVE MESSAGE TRAFFIC AND SEND POSITION UPDATES WHILE UNDERWAY.  THE ESM CONSOLE ALLOWS YOU TO DETECT AND CLASSIFY CONTACTS WHEN THE ESM MAST IS EXTENDED.  TO RECEIVE MESSAGES YOU MUST COME TO COMUNICATIONS DEPTH (COMMS DEPTH) AND RAISE THE RADIO MAST OR STREAM THE FLOATING WIRE ANTENNA. 

RECIEVEING RADIO MESSAGES

                TO RECEIVE MESSAGES YOU MUST COME TO COMMUNCIATIONS DEPTH (COMMS DEPTH) AND RAISE THE RADIO MAST OR STREAM THE FLOATING WIRE ANTENNA.  THERE ARE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TO BOTH MODES.  THE RADIO MAST RECIEVES MESSAGES MORE QUICKLY BUT EXPOSING THE MAST LEAVES YOU VULNERABLE TO DETECTION.  THE FLOATING WIRE RECIEVES MESSAGES FAR MORE SLOWLY BUT YOU DO NOT NEEDTO EXPOSE A MAST TO RECEIVE MESSAGES.

ELECTRONIC SUPPORT MEASURES

                THE ESM MAST IS DESIGNED FOR THE PASSIVE DETECTION OF RADAR EMISSIONS.  THIS SENSOR DETECTS ANY PLATFORM IN YOUR AREA THAT IS EMPLOYING RADAR.  BECAUSE YOU MUST HAVE THE ESM MAST EXPOSED, YOU MAKE YOUR SHIP VULNERABLE TO DETECTION WHEN USING ESM.  THE ESM SENSOR PROVIDES A BEARING TO DETECTED CONTACTS.  THE SHIPS COMPUTER ANALYSES THE DETECTED  TRANSMISSION AND COMPARES IT TO THOSE IN ITS DATABAASE AND PROVIDES THE CLASS NAME OF THE TRANSMITTING PLATFORM.

SECTION 4

FIRE CONTOL STATION:

            THE SUBS FIRE CONTROL STATION CONSISTS OF THREE AREAS: THE TARGET DISPLAY, THE LAUNCH PANEL AND THE WEAPONS INVENTORY. 

NOTE:  THE SUBS VERTICAL LAUNCH SYSTEM (VLS) TUBES CANNOT BE RELOADED WHILE UNDERWAY!

NOTE:  THE UNLOAD/LOAD PROCESS TAKES APPROXIMATLY SEVENTEEN MINNUTES.  LOADING AN EMPTY TUBE TAKES NINE MINNUTES.

NOTE:  A TORPEDO IS SEARCHING AS LONG AS IT IS SNAKING OR CIRCLEING.  IF THE WEAPON HEADS ON A STRAIGHT PATH IT IS HOMING.

ATTACKING LAND TARGETS

            THE SUB CAN CARRY TOMAHAWK LAND ATTACK MISSLES (TLAMS).  TO ATTACK A LAND TARGET FROM FIRE CONTROL, THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES OF THE SITE MUST BE FED INTO THE FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM AND A SERIES OF WAYPOINTS DEFINED FOR THE MISSLE TO FOLLOW.

NOTE:  CLOSING THE MUZZLE DOOR AFTER LAUNCHING A UUV CUTS THE GUIDANCE WIRE.  ONCE THE WIRE IS CUT THE UUV NO LONGER SENDS SONAR RETURNS.

UUV RETURNS

            SONAR RETURNS FROM THE UUV ARE AUTOMATICALY ASSIGNED A TRACK ID AND CAN BE FOUND IN THE TMA SELECTED TRACK DROP DOWN LIST AND ON THE NAV AND FIRE CONTROL MAPS.  DEPENDING ON ITS COURSE THE UUV MAY PROVIDE RETURNS ON ITS OWNSHIP.

WEAPON INVENTORY STATION

            THE WEAPON INVENTORY STATION (WIS) DISPLAYS THE CURRENT TYPE AND NUMBER OF WEAPONS ON BOARD YOUR SUB.  NO INTERACTION IS POSSIBLE.  THE TOTAL OF AVAILABLE WEAPONS IS UPDATED AS WEAPONS AND COUNTERMEASURES ARE DISPENSED.

TACTICAL WEAPONS

            THE SUB CARRYS WEPONS CAPABLE OF TARGETING SURFACE SHIPS, SUBMARINES AND LAND TARGETS

            MK 48 TORPEDO ADCAP (ADVANCED CAPABILITY)

                        THIS WEAPON CAN BE USED AGAINST BOTH SURFACE AND SUBMARINE TARGETS AND CAN BE WIRE GUIDED.  IT HAS A MAXIMUM RANGE OF 27 NM, A MAXIMUM SPEED OF 55 KNOTS AND A MAXIMUM DEPTH OF 2,394 FEET.

SECTION 4 CONT’D

TLAM (TOMAHAWK LAND ATTACK MISSLE)

                        THE TOMAHAWK IS THE STANDARD SUB LAUNCHED STRIKE WEAPON FOR USE AGAINST LAND TARGETS.  IT HAS A RANGE OF APPROXIMATLY 1400NM.  FOR SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH OF THIS WEAPON, OWNSHIP MUST NOT BE BELOW 150 FEET AND THE SPEED MUST NOT EXCEED 6 KNOTS.

            TASM (TOMAHAWK ANTI SHIP MISSLE)

                        THE TASM HAS A WARHEAD OF 500KG AND A RANGE OF 250NM.  FOR SUCESSFUL LAUNCH OF THIS MISSLE, OWNSHIP MUST NOT BE BELOW 150 FEET AND SPEED MUST NOT EXCEED 6 KNOTS.

            HARPOON (ANTI SHIP MISSLE)

                        THE HARPOON HAS A RANGE OF 70NM.  FOR SUCESSFUL LAUNCH OF THIS MISSLE, OWNSHIP DEPTH MUST NOT EXCEED 150 FEET AND SPPED MUST NEOT EXCEED 6 KNOTS.

STRATEGIC WEAPONS

            MK 67 SLMM

                        THE SUBMARINE LAUNCHED MOBILE MINE IS A MODIFIED MK 37 TORPEDO WHOSE WARHEAD WAS REPLACED BY A MK 13 MINE WARHEAD.  THE TORPEDOES PROPULSION SYSTEM IS USED TO MANUVER THE MINE TO THE COORDINATES PROGRAMMED INTO ITS GUIDANCE SYSTEM.  THE SLMM HAS A 235KG WARHEAD, A MAXIMUM SPEED OF 26 KNOTS AND A MAXIMUM RANGE OF 11.5NM.

COUNTERMEASURES

            COUNTERMEASURES ARE A DEFENSIVE WEAPON USED TO PREVENT AN ENEMY’S TORPEDO FROM DESTROYING YOUR SUB.  THE SUB CARRIES ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TORPEDO DECOYS THAT CAN BE LAUNCHED FROM FIRE CONTROL LAUNCH PANEL.

                        PASSIVE DECOY

                                    USED AGAINST PASSIVE HOMMING TORPEDOES THIS DECOY EMITS SOUND ACROSS A BROAD SPECTRUM OF FREQUENCIES IN AN ATTEMPT TO DECIEVE THE TORPEDO INTO HOMMING IN ON THE DECOY.

                        ACTIVE DECOY

                                    USED AGAINST ACTIVE HOMMING TORPEDOES THIS DECOY IS A BUBBLE GENERATOR THAT CREATES AN AREA OF BUBBLES IN AN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A FALSE ECHO TO THE TORPEDO.

                        DECOY DEPTH

                                    DECOYS THAT ARE FIRED ARE LAUNCHED AT OWNSHIPS DEPTH.

SECTION 5

PERISCOPE STATION

            THIS STATION MERGES WITH THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE PERISCOPE WITH THAT OF THE STADUIMETER AND ALSO PPROVIDES ACCESS TO THE ICE THICKNESS DISPALYUSEFULL FOR NAVIGATING ICE FIELDS AND FOR SURFACING UNDER THE ICE.

NOTE:  PERISCOPE DEPTH IS 63 FEET

STADIMETER STATION

            THE STADIMETER STATION IS ONLY ACCESABLE FROM THE PERISCOPE STATION .  THE STADIMETER IS USED TO MANIPUTLATE A PHOTO OF A CONTACT TAKEN THROUGH THE PERISCOPE TO DETRMINE THE CONATCS RANGE, COURSE AND CLASS.

NOTE:  THE PHOTO MUST BE MANIPULATED TO DETERMINE A RANGE WHEN THE CONTACT IS MARKED OR NO CONTACT IS CREATED ON THE NAV MAP OR TMA.

ICE THICKNESS DISPLAY

            THE SUB UTILIZES AN UPWARD LOOKING TELEVISION CAMERA TO ASSIST IN LOCATING SUITABLE LOCATIONS FOR SURFACING UNDER THE ICE.  SUITABLE AREAS APPEAR BRIGHTER WHILE AREAS WHEER THE ICE IS VERRY THICK APPEARDARK.  BECAUSE THE TV RELIES ON DIFFERENES IN BRIGHTNESS IT IS NOT HELPFUL AT NIGHT.  THE SIGNAL STRENGHT INDICATOR USES COLORED LIGHTS TO INDICATE THE THICKNESS OF ICE DIRECTLY OVER OWNSHIP.

            0-4 FEET THICK: GREEN (NO DAMAGE TO OWNSHIP)

            4-8 FEET THICK: YELLOW (MINOR DAMAGE)

            8-10 FEET THICK: RED MODERATE TO SERIOUS DAMAGE)

SECTION 6

SAM LAUNCHER

            THE SUB CARRIES A FIM-92 STINGER SURFACE TO AIR MISSLE.  A SHOULDER MOUNTED SAM LAUNCHER IS MODELED AND CAN BE USED TO ATTACK HELICOPTERS AND LOW FLYING AIRPLANES.  FIM-92 STINGER HAS A MAXIMUM RANGE OF 4.3NM.

APPENDIX A

MAXIMUMS AND MINNIMUMS

SURFACE DEPTH: 

            SAIL BREAKS SURFACE: 49 FEET

            FULLY SURFACED: 32 FEET

MAX OPERATING DEPTH: 1,476 FEET

PERISCOPE DEPTH: 63 FEET  (10 KNOTS)

RADAR DEPTH:  54 FEET  (8 KNOTS)

RADIO MAST DEPTH:  63 FEET  (10 KNOTS)

ESM MAST DEPTH:  61 FEET  (10 KNOTS)

SNORKEL/VENTILATION DEPTH:  56 FEET  (10 KNOTS)

FLOATING WIRE BREAKS AT SPEEDS EQUAL OR GREATER TO:  18 KNOTS

APPENDIX B

SENSOR SYSTEMS

BQQ-10 ACT:  MEDIUM FREQUENCY ACTIVE SONAR

BLQ-10:  ESM SONAR

BLQ-10 PNB:  PASSIVE HULL SONAR

BLQ-10 PBB:  PASSIVE SPHERE SONAR

WLY-1:  ACTIVE INTERCEPT

PROT TB-16:  TOWED ARRAY (PORT)

STDB TB-16:  TOWED ARRAY (STARBOARD)

APPENDIX C

WEAPONS LAYOUTS

MK 48 TORPEDO ADCAP:  RANGE (27NM) SPEED (55 KNOTS) DEPTH (2,394 FEET)

TLAM:  RANGE (1400NM)

TASM:  RANGE (250MN)

HARPOON:  RANGE (70NM)

MK 67 SLMM:  RANGE (11.5NM) SPEED (26 KNOTS)

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